What Causes Migraines?

We all get headaches from time to time — and luckily they can typically go away with over-the-counter treatments, a glass of water, and rest. 

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Unfortunately for some folks, it’s a little more complicated to get rid of headaches, especially if they suffer from migraines. If you think you may be experiencing a migraine, reach out to your healthcare as soon as possible to get relief.

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In this article, we’ll cover exactly what a migraine is and what causes this type of headache.

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What Is a Migraine Headache?

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A migraine is a type of headache that is typically identified by a throbbing headache on one side of the patient’s head. These headaches are often accompanied by light and sound sensitivity, and gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.

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Unlike tension headaches which typically last for short periods of time, migraine headaches can be very severe and last for days.

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Some patients are also able to identify the onset of a migraine hours or days before the headache happens. This precursor stage is called the Prodrome Stage. Common symptoms patients notice during this stage include constipation, yawning, fluid retention, frequent urination, cravings, neck stiffness, and mood changes.

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Patients may also experience an Aura Stage before the onset of a migraine where changes to vision, including visual phenomena, vision loss, muscle weakness, pins and needles in the limbs, and trouble speaking.

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It’s important to note that not all patients go through every stage — every migraine experience is unique to the patient. 

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What Causes Migraine Headaches?

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Although research is still ongoing, some medical studies suggest genetics may play some role in whether patients get migraines or not.

Although it varies greatly from patient to patient, common triggers of a migraine can include:

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• Certain medications
• Changes to your sleep schedule
• Stress and hormonal changes
• Overexertion 
• Changes to the weather or climate
• Consumption of caffeine or tobacco.
• Lack of adequate nutrition or missing a meal
• Exposure to excess stimuli such as bright lights, loud noises, or strong odors

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It is also possible that food sensitivities for certain patients may trigger migraine headaches.

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To get relief from migraine headaches, be sure to get in contact with your healthcare team for specific advice on your migraine symptoms and how to manage them or avoid triggering a migraine altogether.

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The information on this site is for informational purposes only and should not replace direct medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment from your doctor or another qualified healthcare provider.

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Sources:

“Migraine.” Mayo Clinic.

“Migraine Headaches.” Cleveland Clinic.